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Filename : spsc_queue.hpp
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//  lock-free single-producer/single-consumer ringbuffer
//  this algorithm is implemented in various projects (linux kernel)
//
//  Copyright (C) 2009-2013 Tim Blechmann
//
//  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
//  accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

#ifndef BOOST_LOCKFREE_SPSC_QUEUE_HPP_INCLUDED
#define BOOST_LOCKFREE_SPSC_QUEUE_HPP_INCLUDED

#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>

#include <boost/aligned_storage.hpp>
#include <boost/assert.hpp>
#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
#include <boost/core/allocator_access.hpp>
#include <boost/utility.hpp>
#include <boost/next_prior.hpp>
#include <boost/utility/enable_if.hpp>
#include <boost/config.hpp> // for BOOST_LIKELY

#include <boost/type_traits/has_trivial_destructor.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_convertible.hpp>

#include <boost/lockfree/detail/atomic.hpp>
#include <boost/lockfree/detail/copy_payload.hpp>
#include <boost/lockfree/detail/parameter.hpp>
#include <boost/lockfree/detail/prefix.hpp>

#include <boost/lockfree/lockfree_forward.hpp>

#ifdef BOOST_HAS_PRAGMA_ONCE
#pragma once
#endif

namespace boost    {
namespace lockfree {
namespace detail   {

typedef parameter::parameters<boost::parameter::optional<tag::capacity>,
                              boost::parameter::optional<tag::allocator>
                             > ringbuffer_signature;

template <typename T>
class ringbuffer_base
{
#ifndef BOOST_DOXYGEN_INVOKED
protected:
    typedef std::size_t size_t;
    static const int padding_size = BOOST_LOCKFREE_CACHELINE_BYTES - sizeof(size_t);
    atomic<size_t> write_index_;
    char padding1[padding_size]; /* force read_index and write_index to different cache lines */
    atomic<size_t> read_index_;

    BOOST_DELETED_FUNCTION(ringbuffer_base(ringbuffer_base const&))
    BOOST_DELETED_FUNCTION(ringbuffer_base& operator= (ringbuffer_base const&))

protected:
    ringbuffer_base(void):
        write_index_(0), read_index_(0)
    {}

    static size_t next_index(size_t arg, size_t max_size)
    {
        size_t ret = arg + 1;
        while (BOOST_UNLIKELY(ret >= max_size))
            ret -= max_size;
        return ret;
    }

    static size_t read_available(size_t write_index, size_t read_index, size_t max_size)
    {
        if (write_index >= read_index)
            return write_index - read_index;

        const size_t ret = write_index + max_size - read_index;
        return ret;
    }

    static size_t write_available(size_t write_index, size_t read_index, size_t max_size)
    {
        size_t ret = read_index - write_index - 1;
        if (write_index >= read_index)
            ret += max_size;
        return ret;
    }

    size_t read_available(size_t max_size) const
    {
        size_t write_index = write_index_.load(memory_order_acquire);
        const size_t read_index  = read_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed);
        return read_available(write_index, read_index, max_size);
    }

    size_t write_available(size_t max_size) const
    {
        size_t write_index = write_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed);
        const size_t read_index  = read_index_.load(memory_order_acquire);
        return write_available(write_index, read_index, max_size);
    }

    bool push(T const & t, T * buffer, size_t max_size)
    {
        const size_t write_index = write_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed);  // only written from push thread
        const size_t next = next_index(write_index, max_size);

        if (next == read_index_.load(memory_order_acquire))
            return false; /* ringbuffer is full */

        new (buffer + write_index) T(t); // copy-construct

        write_index_.store(next, memory_order_release);

        return true;
    }

    size_t push(const T * input_buffer, size_t input_count, T * internal_buffer, size_t max_size)
    {
        return push(input_buffer, input_buffer + input_count, internal_buffer, max_size) - input_buffer;
    }

    template <typename ConstIterator>
    ConstIterator push(ConstIterator begin, ConstIterator end, T * internal_buffer, size_t max_size)
    {
        // FIXME: avoid std::distance

        const size_t write_index = write_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed);  // only written from push thread
        const size_t read_index  = read_index_.load(memory_order_acquire);
        const size_t avail = write_available(write_index, read_index, max_size);

        if (avail == 0)
            return begin;

        size_t input_count = std::distance(begin, end);
        input_count = (std::min)(input_count, avail);

        size_t new_write_index = write_index + input_count;

        const ConstIterator last = boost::next(begin, input_count);

        if (write_index + input_count > max_size) {
            /* copy data in two sections */
            const size_t count0 = max_size - write_index;
            const ConstIterator midpoint = boost::next(begin, count0);

            std::uninitialized_copy(begin, midpoint, internal_buffer + write_index);
            std::uninitialized_copy(midpoint, last, internal_buffer);
            new_write_index -= max_size;
        } else {
            std::uninitialized_copy(begin, last, internal_buffer + write_index);

            if (new_write_index == max_size)
                new_write_index = 0;
        }

        write_index_.store(new_write_index, memory_order_release);
        return last;
    }

    template <typename Functor>
    bool consume_one(Functor & functor, T * buffer, size_t max_size)
    {
        const size_t write_index = write_index_.load(memory_order_acquire);
        const size_t read_index  = read_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed); // only written from pop thread
        if ( empty(write_index, read_index) )
            return false;

        T & object_to_consume = buffer[read_index];
        functor( object_to_consume );
        object_to_consume.~T();

        size_t next = next_index(read_index, max_size);
        read_index_.store(next, memory_order_release);
        return true;
    }

    template <typename Functor>
    bool consume_one(Functor const & functor, T * buffer, size_t max_size)
    {
        const size_t write_index = write_index_.load(memory_order_acquire);
        const size_t read_index  = read_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed); // only written from pop thread
        if ( empty(write_index, read_index) )
            return false;

        T & object_to_consume = buffer[read_index];
        functor( object_to_consume );
        object_to_consume.~T();

        size_t next = next_index(read_index, max_size);
        read_index_.store(next, memory_order_release);
        return true;
    }

    template <typename Functor>
    size_t consume_all (Functor const & functor, T * internal_buffer, size_t max_size)
    {
        const size_t write_index = write_index_.load(memory_order_acquire);
        const size_t read_index = read_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed); // only written from pop thread

        const size_t avail = read_available(write_index, read_index, max_size);

        if (avail == 0)
            return 0;

        const size_t output_count = avail;

        size_t new_read_index = read_index + output_count;

        if (read_index + output_count > max_size) {
            /* copy data in two sections */
            const size_t count0 = max_size - read_index;
            const size_t count1 = output_count - count0;

            run_functor_and_delete(internal_buffer + read_index, internal_buffer + max_size, functor);
            run_functor_and_delete(internal_buffer, internal_buffer + count1, functor);

            new_read_index -= max_size;
        } else {
            run_functor_and_delete(internal_buffer + read_index, internal_buffer + read_index + output_count, functor);

            if (new_read_index == max_size)
                new_read_index = 0;
        }

        read_index_.store(new_read_index, memory_order_release);
        return output_count;
    }

    template <typename Functor>
    size_t consume_all (Functor & functor, T * internal_buffer, size_t max_size)
    {
        const size_t write_index = write_index_.load(memory_order_acquire);
        const size_t read_index = read_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed); // only written from pop thread

        const size_t avail = read_available(write_index, read_index, max_size);

        if (avail == 0)
            return 0;

        const size_t output_count = avail;

        size_t new_read_index = read_index + output_count;

        if (read_index + output_count > max_size) {
            /* copy data in two sections */
            const size_t count0 = max_size - read_index;
            const size_t count1 = output_count - count0;

            run_functor_and_delete(internal_buffer + read_index, internal_buffer + max_size, functor);
            run_functor_and_delete(internal_buffer, internal_buffer + count1, functor);

            new_read_index -= max_size;
        } else {
            run_functor_and_delete(internal_buffer + read_index, internal_buffer + read_index + output_count, functor);

            if (new_read_index == max_size)
                new_read_index = 0;
        }

        read_index_.store(new_read_index, memory_order_release);
        return output_count;
    }

    size_t pop (T * output_buffer, size_t output_count, T * internal_buffer, size_t max_size)
    {
        const size_t write_index = write_index_.load(memory_order_acquire);
        const size_t read_index = read_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed); // only written from pop thread

        const size_t avail = read_available(write_index, read_index, max_size);

        if (avail == 0)
            return 0;

        output_count = (std::min)(output_count, avail);

        size_t new_read_index = read_index + output_count;

        if (read_index + output_count > max_size) {
            /* copy data in two sections */
            const size_t count0 = max_size - read_index;
            const size_t count1 = output_count - count0;

            copy_and_delete(internal_buffer + read_index, internal_buffer + max_size, output_buffer);
            copy_and_delete(internal_buffer, internal_buffer + count1, output_buffer + count0);

            new_read_index -= max_size;
        } else {
            copy_and_delete(internal_buffer + read_index, internal_buffer + read_index + output_count, output_buffer);
            if (new_read_index == max_size)
                new_read_index = 0;
        }

        read_index_.store(new_read_index, memory_order_release);
        return output_count;
    }

    template <typename OutputIterator>
    size_t pop_to_output_iterator (OutputIterator it, T * internal_buffer, size_t max_size)
    {
        const size_t write_index = write_index_.load(memory_order_acquire);
        const size_t read_index = read_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed); // only written from pop thread

        const size_t avail = read_available(write_index, read_index, max_size);
        if (avail == 0)
            return 0;

        size_t new_read_index = read_index + avail;

        if (read_index + avail > max_size) {
            /* copy data in two sections */
            const size_t count0 = max_size - read_index;
            const size_t count1 = avail - count0;

            it = copy_and_delete(internal_buffer + read_index, internal_buffer + max_size, it);
            copy_and_delete(internal_buffer, internal_buffer + count1, it);

            new_read_index -= max_size;
        } else {
            copy_and_delete(internal_buffer + read_index, internal_buffer + read_index + avail, it);
            if (new_read_index == max_size)
                new_read_index = 0;
        }

        read_index_.store(new_read_index, memory_order_release);
        return avail;
    }

    const T& front(const T * internal_buffer) const
    {
        const size_t read_index = read_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed); // only written from pop thread
        return *(internal_buffer + read_index);
    }

    T& front(T * internal_buffer)
    {
        const size_t read_index = read_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed); // only written from pop thread
        return *(internal_buffer + read_index);
    }
#endif


public:
    /** reset the ringbuffer
     *
     * \note Not thread-safe
     * */
    void reset(void)
    {
        if ( !boost::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value ) {
            // make sure to call all destructors!

            T dummy_element;
            while (pop(dummy_element))
            {}
        } else {
            write_index_.store(0, memory_order_relaxed);
            read_index_.store(0, memory_order_release);
        }
    }

    /** Check if the ringbuffer is empty
     *
     * \return true, if the ringbuffer is empty, false otherwise
     * \note Due to the concurrent nature of the ringbuffer the result may be inaccurate.
     * */
    bool empty(void)
    {
        return empty(write_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed), read_index_.load(memory_order_relaxed));
    }

    /**
     * \return true, if implementation is lock-free.
     *
     * */
    bool is_lock_free(void) const
    {
        return write_index_.is_lock_free() && read_index_.is_lock_free();
    }

private:
    bool empty(size_t write_index, size_t read_index)
    {
        return write_index == read_index;
    }

    template< class OutputIterator >
    OutputIterator copy_and_delete( T * first, T * last, OutputIterator out )
    {
        if (boost::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value) {
            return std::copy(first, last, out); // will use memcpy if possible
        } else {
            for (; first != last; ++first, ++out) {
                *out = *first;
                first->~T();
            }
            return out;
        }
    }

    template< class Functor >
    void run_functor_and_delete( T * first, T * last, Functor & functor )
    {
        for (; first != last; ++first) {
            functor(*first);
            first->~T();
        }
    }

    template< class Functor >
    void run_functor_and_delete( T * first, T * last, Functor const & functor )
    {
        for (; first != last; ++first) {
            functor(*first);
            first->~T();
        }
    }
};

template <typename T, std::size_t MaxSize>
class compile_time_sized_ringbuffer:
    public ringbuffer_base<T>
{
    typedef std::size_t size_type;
    static const std::size_t max_size = MaxSize + 1;

    typedef typename boost::aligned_storage<max_size * sizeof(T),
                                            boost::alignment_of<T>::value
                                           >::type storage_type;

    storage_type storage_;

    T * data()
    {
        return static_cast<T*>(storage_.address());
    }

    const T * data() const
    {
        return static_cast<const T*>(storage_.address());
    }

protected:
    size_type max_number_of_elements() const
    {
        return max_size;
    }

public:
    bool push(T const & t)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::push(t, data(), max_size);
    }

    template <typename Functor>
    bool consume_one(Functor & f)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::consume_one(f, data(), max_size);
    }

    template <typename Functor>
    bool consume_one(Functor const & f)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::consume_one(f, data(), max_size);
    }

    template <typename Functor>
    size_type consume_all(Functor & f)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::consume_all(f, data(), max_size);
    }

    template <typename Functor>
    size_type consume_all(Functor const & f)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::consume_all(f, data(), max_size);
    }

    size_type push(T const * t, size_type size)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::push(t, size, data(), max_size);
    }

    template <size_type size>
    size_type push(T const (&t)[size])
    {
        return push(t, size);
    }

    template <typename ConstIterator>
    ConstIterator push(ConstIterator begin, ConstIterator end)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::push(begin, end, data(), max_size);
    }

    size_type pop(T * ret, size_type size)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::pop(ret, size, data(), max_size);
    }

    template <typename OutputIterator>
    size_type pop_to_output_iterator(OutputIterator it)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::pop_to_output_iterator(it, data(), max_size);
    }

    const T& front(void) const
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::front(data());
    }

    T& front(void)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::front(data());
    }
};

template <typename T, typename Alloc>
class runtime_sized_ringbuffer:
    public ringbuffer_base<T>,
    private Alloc
{
    typedef std::size_t size_type;
    size_type max_elements_;
#ifdef BOOST_NO_CXX11_ALLOCATOR
    typedef typename Alloc::pointer pointer;
#else
    typedef std::allocator_traits<Alloc> allocator_traits;
    typedef typename allocator_traits::pointer pointer;
#endif
    pointer array_;

protected:
    size_type max_number_of_elements() const
    {
        return max_elements_;
    }

public:
    explicit runtime_sized_ringbuffer(size_type max_elements):
        max_elements_(max_elements + 1)
    {
#ifdef BOOST_NO_CXX11_ALLOCATOR
        array_ = Alloc::allocate(max_elements_);
#else
        Alloc& alloc = *this;
        array_ = allocator_traits::allocate(alloc, max_elements_);
#endif
    }

    template <typename U>
    runtime_sized_ringbuffer(typename boost::allocator_rebind<Alloc, U>::type const & alloc, size_type max_elements):
        Alloc(alloc), max_elements_(max_elements + 1)
    {
#ifdef BOOST_NO_CXX11_ALLOCATOR
        array_ = Alloc::allocate(max_elements_);
#else
        Alloc& allocator = *this;
        array_ = allocator_traits::allocate(allocator, max_elements_);
#endif
    }

    runtime_sized_ringbuffer(Alloc const & alloc, size_type max_elements):
        Alloc(alloc), max_elements_(max_elements + 1)
    {
#ifdef BOOST_NO_CXX11_ALLOCATOR
        array_ = Alloc::allocate(max_elements_);
#else
        Alloc& allocator = *this;
        array_ = allocator_traits::allocate(allocator, max_elements_);
#endif
    }

    ~runtime_sized_ringbuffer(void)
    {
        // destroy all remaining items
        T out;
        while (pop(&out, 1)) {}

#ifdef BOOST_NO_CXX11_ALLOCATOR
        Alloc::deallocate(array_, max_elements_);
#else
        Alloc& allocator = *this;
        allocator_traits::deallocate(allocator, array_, max_elements_);
#endif
    }

    bool push(T const & t)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::push(t, &*array_, max_elements_);
    }

    template <typename Functor>
    bool consume_one(Functor & f)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::consume_one(f, &*array_, max_elements_);
    }

    template <typename Functor>
    bool consume_one(Functor const & f)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::consume_one(f, &*array_, max_elements_);
    }

    template <typename Functor>
    size_type consume_all(Functor & f)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::consume_all(f, &*array_, max_elements_);
    }

    template <typename Functor>
    size_type consume_all(Functor const & f)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::consume_all(f, &*array_, max_elements_);
    }

    size_type push(T const * t, size_type size)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::push(t, size, &*array_, max_elements_);
    }

    template <size_type size>
    size_type push(T const (&t)[size])
    {
        return push(t, size);
    }

    template <typename ConstIterator>
    ConstIterator push(ConstIterator begin, ConstIterator end)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::push(begin, end, &*array_, max_elements_);
    }

    size_type pop(T * ret, size_type size)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::pop(ret, size, &*array_, max_elements_);
    }

    template <typename OutputIterator>
    size_type pop_to_output_iterator(OutputIterator it)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::pop_to_output_iterator(it, &*array_, max_elements_);
    }

    const T& front(void) const
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::front(&*array_);
    }

    T& front(void)
    {
        return ringbuffer_base<T>::front(&*array_);
    }
};

#ifdef BOOST_NO_CXX11_VARIADIC_TEMPLATES
template <typename T, typename A0, typename A1>
#else
template <typename T, typename ...Options>
#endif
struct make_ringbuffer
{
#ifdef BOOST_NO_CXX11_VARIADIC_TEMPLATES
    typedef typename ringbuffer_signature::bind<A0, A1>::type bound_args;
#else
    typedef typename ringbuffer_signature::bind<Options...>::type bound_args;
#endif

    typedef extract_capacity<bound_args> extract_capacity_t;

    static const bool runtime_sized = !extract_capacity_t::has_capacity;
    static const size_t capacity    =  extract_capacity_t::capacity;

    typedef extract_allocator<bound_args, T> extract_allocator_t;
    typedef typename extract_allocator_t::type allocator;

    // allocator argument is only sane, for run-time sized ringbuffers
    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((mpl::if_<mpl::bool_<!runtime_sized>,
                                  mpl::bool_<!extract_allocator_t::has_allocator>,
                                  mpl::true_
                                 >::type::value));

    typedef typename mpl::if_c<runtime_sized,
                               runtime_sized_ringbuffer<T, allocator>,
                               compile_time_sized_ringbuffer<T, capacity>
                              >::type ringbuffer_type;
};


} /* namespace detail */


/** The spsc_queue class provides a single-writer/single-reader fifo queue, pushing and popping is wait-free.
 *
 *  \b Policies:
 *  - \c boost::lockfree::capacity<>, optional <br>
 *    If this template argument is passed to the options, the size of the ringbuffer is set at compile-time.
 *
 *  - \c boost::lockfree::allocator<>, defaults to \c boost::lockfree::allocator<std::allocator<T>> <br>
 *    Specifies the allocator that is used to allocate the ringbuffer. This option is only valid, if the ringbuffer is configured
 *    to be sized at run-time
 *
 *  \b Requirements:
 *  - T must have a default constructor
 *  - T must be copyable
 * */
#ifdef BOOST_NO_CXX11_VARIADIC_TEMPLATES
template <typename T, class A0, class A1>
#else
template <typename T, typename ...Options>
#endif
class spsc_queue:
#ifdef BOOST_NO_CXX11_VARIADIC_TEMPLATES
    public detail::make_ringbuffer<T, A0, A1>::ringbuffer_type
#else
    public detail::make_ringbuffer<T, Options...>::ringbuffer_type
#endif
{
private:

#ifndef BOOST_DOXYGEN_INVOKED

#ifdef BOOST_NO_CXX11_VARIADIC_TEMPLATES
    typedef typename detail::make_ringbuffer<T, A0, A1>::ringbuffer_type base_type;
    static const bool runtime_sized = detail::make_ringbuffer<T, A0, A1>::runtime_sized;
    typedef typename detail::make_ringbuffer<T, A0, A1>::allocator allocator_arg;
#else
    typedef typename detail::make_ringbuffer<T, Options...>::ringbuffer_type base_type;
    static const bool runtime_sized = detail::make_ringbuffer<T, Options...>::runtime_sized;
    typedef typename detail::make_ringbuffer<T, Options...>::allocator allocator_arg;
#endif


    struct implementation_defined
    {
        typedef allocator_arg allocator;
        typedef std::size_t size_type;
    };
#endif

public:
    typedef T value_type;
    typedef typename implementation_defined::allocator allocator;
    typedef typename implementation_defined::size_type size_type;

    /** Constructs a spsc_queue
     *
     *  \pre spsc_queue must be configured to be sized at compile-time
     */
    spsc_queue(void)
    {
        // Don't use BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT() here since it will be evaluated when compiling
        // this function and this function may be compiled even when it isn't being used.
        BOOST_ASSERT(!runtime_sized);
    }

    /** Constructs a spsc_queue with a custom allocator
     *
     *  \pre spsc_queue must be configured to be sized at compile-time
     *
     *  \note This is just for API compatibility: an allocator isn't actually needed
     */
    template <typename U>
    explicit spsc_queue(typename boost::allocator_rebind<allocator, U>::type const &)
    {
        BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(!runtime_sized);
    }

    /** Constructs a spsc_queue with a custom allocator
     *
     *  \pre spsc_queue must be configured to be sized at compile-time
     *
     *  \note This is just for API compatibility: an allocator isn't actually needed
     */
    explicit spsc_queue(allocator const &)
    {
        // Don't use BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT() here since it will be evaluated when compiling
        // this function and this function may be compiled even when it isn't being used.
        BOOST_ASSERT(!runtime_sized);
    }

    /** Constructs a spsc_queue for element_count elements
     *
     *  \pre spsc_queue must be configured to be sized at run-time
     */
    explicit spsc_queue(size_type element_count):
        base_type(element_count)
    {
        // Don't use BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT() here since it will be evaluated when compiling
        // this function and this function may be compiled even when it isn't being used.
        BOOST_ASSERT(runtime_sized);
    }

    /** Constructs a spsc_queue for element_count elements with a custom allocator
     *
     *  \pre spsc_queue must be configured to be sized at run-time
     */
    template <typename U>
    spsc_queue(size_type element_count, typename boost::allocator_rebind<allocator, U>::type const & alloc):
        base_type(alloc, element_count)
    {
        BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(runtime_sized);
    }

    /** Constructs a spsc_queue for element_count elements with a custom allocator
     *
     *  \pre spsc_queue must be configured to be sized at run-time
     */
    spsc_queue(size_type element_count, allocator_arg const & alloc):
        base_type(alloc, element_count)
    {
        // Don't use BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT() here since it will be evaluated when compiling
        // this function and this function may be compiled even when it isn't being used.
        BOOST_ASSERT(runtime_sized);
    }

    /** Pushes object t to the ringbuffer.
     *
     * \pre only one thread is allowed to push data to the spsc_queue
     * \post object will be pushed to the spsc_queue, unless it is full.
     * \return true, if the push operation is successful.
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and wait-free
     * */
    bool push(T const & t)
    {
        return base_type::push(t);
    }

    /** Pops one object from ringbuffer.
     *
     * \pre only one thread is allowed to pop data to the spsc_queue
     * \post if ringbuffer is not empty, object will be discarded.
     * \return true, if the pop operation is successful, false if ringbuffer was empty.
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and wait-free
     */
    bool pop ()
    {
        detail::consume_noop consume_functor;
        return consume_one( consume_functor );
    }

    /** Pops one object from ringbuffer.
     *
     * \pre only one thread is allowed to pop data to the spsc_queue
     * \post if ringbuffer is not empty, object will be copied to ret.
     * \return true, if the pop operation is successful, false if ringbuffer was empty.
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and wait-free
     */
    template <typename U>
    typename boost::enable_if<typename is_convertible<T, U>::type, bool>::type
    pop (U & ret)
    {
        detail::consume_via_copy<U> consume_functor(ret);
        return consume_one( consume_functor );
    }

    /** Pushes as many objects from the array t as there is space.
     *
     * \pre only one thread is allowed to push data to the spsc_queue
     * \return number of pushed items
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and wait-free
     */
    size_type push(T const * t, size_type size)
    {
        return base_type::push(t, size);
    }

    /** Pushes as many objects from the array t as there is space available.
     *
     * \pre only one thread is allowed to push data to the spsc_queue
     * \return number of pushed items
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and wait-free
     */
    template <size_type size>
    size_type push(T const (&t)[size])
    {
        return push(t, size);
    }

    /** Pushes as many objects from the range [begin, end) as there is space .
     *
     * \pre only one thread is allowed to push data to the spsc_queue
     * \return iterator to the first element, which has not been pushed
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and wait-free
     */
    template <typename ConstIterator>
    ConstIterator push(ConstIterator begin, ConstIterator end)
    {
        return base_type::push(begin, end);
    }

    /** Pops a maximum of size objects from ringbuffer.
     *
     * \pre only one thread is allowed to pop data to the spsc_queue
     * \return number of popped items
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and wait-free
     * */
    size_type pop(T * ret, size_type size)
    {
        return base_type::pop(ret, size);
    }

    /** Pops a maximum of size objects from spsc_queue.
     *
     * \pre only one thread is allowed to pop data to the spsc_queue
     * \return number of popped items
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and wait-free
     * */
    template <size_type size>
    size_type pop(T (&ret)[size])
    {
        return pop(ret, size);
    }

    /** Pops objects to the output iterator it
     *
     * \pre only one thread is allowed to pop data to the spsc_queue
     * \return number of popped items
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and wait-free
     * */
    template <typename OutputIterator>
    typename boost::disable_if<typename is_convertible<T, OutputIterator>::type, size_type>::type
    pop(OutputIterator it)
    {
        return base_type::pop_to_output_iterator(it);
    }

    /** consumes one element via a functor
     *
     *  pops one element from the queue and applies the functor on this object
     *
     * \returns true, if one element was consumed
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and non-blocking, if functor is thread-safe and non-blocking
     * */
    template <typename Functor>
    bool consume_one(Functor & f)
    {
        return base_type::consume_one(f);
    }

    /// \copydoc boost::lockfree::spsc_queue::consume_one(Functor & rhs)
    template <typename Functor>
    bool consume_one(Functor const & f)
    {
        return base_type::consume_one(f);
    }

    /** consumes all elements via a functor
     *
     * sequentially pops all elements from the queue and applies the functor on each object
     *
     * \returns number of elements that are consumed
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and non-blocking, if functor is thread-safe and non-blocking
     * */
    template <typename Functor>
    size_type consume_all(Functor & f)
    {
        return base_type::consume_all(f);
    }

    /// \copydoc boost::lockfree::spsc_queue::consume_all(Functor & rhs)
    template <typename Functor>
    size_type consume_all(Functor const & f)
    {
        return base_type::consume_all(f);
    }

    /** get number of elements that are available for read
     *
     * \return number of available elements that can be popped from the spsc_queue
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and wait-free, should only be called from the consumer thread
     * */
    size_type read_available() const
    {
        return base_type::read_available(base_type::max_number_of_elements());
    }

    /** get write space to write elements
     *
     * \return number of elements that can be pushed to the spsc_queue
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and wait-free, should only be called from the producer thread
     * */
    size_type write_available() const
    {
        return base_type::write_available(base_type::max_number_of_elements());
    }

    /** get reference to element in the front of the queue
     *
     * Availability of front element can be checked using read_available().
     *
     * \pre only a consuming thread is allowed to check front element
     * \pre read_available() > 0. If ringbuffer is empty, it's undefined behaviour to invoke this method.
     * \return reference to the first element in the queue
     *
     * \note Thread-safe and wait-free
     */
    const T& front() const
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT(read_available() > 0);
        return base_type::front();
    }

    /// \copydoc boost::lockfree::spsc_queue::front() const
    T& front()
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT(read_available() > 0);
        return base_type::front();
    }

    /** reset the ringbuffer
     *
     * \note Not thread-safe
     * */
    void reset(void)
    {
        if ( !boost::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value ) {
            // make sure to call all destructors!

            T dummy_element;
            while (pop(dummy_element))
            {}
        } else {
            base_type::write_index_.store(0, memory_order_relaxed);
            base_type::read_index_.store(0, memory_order_release);
        }
   }
};

} /* namespace lockfree */
} /* namespace boost */


#endif /* BOOST_LOCKFREE_SPSC_QUEUE_HPP_INCLUDED */